Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Loans and Leases

v3.19.1
Loans and Leases
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Leases
Loans and Leases

Loans and Leases Receivable

Loans and leases receivable consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
Retail
$
898,632

 
$
906,260

Hospitality
812,592

 
830,679

Other (1)
1,436,593

 
1,449,270

Total commercial property loans
3,147,817

 
3,186,209

Construction
82,709

 
71,583

Residential property
483,830

 
500,563

Total real estate loans
3,714,356

 
3,758,355

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
Commercial term
186,471

 
206,691

Commercial lines of credit
196,213

 
194,032

International loans
39,818

 
29,180

Total commercial and industrial loans
422,502

 
429,903

Leases receivable
425,530

 
398,858

Consumer loans (2)
13,232

 
13,424

Loans and leases receivable
4,575,620

 
4,600,540

Allowance for loan and lease losses
(32,896
)
 
(31,974
)
Loans and leases receivable, net
$
4,542,724

 
$
4,568,566


(1) 
Includes, among other types, mixed-use, apartment, office, industrial, gas stations, faith-based facilities and warehouse; all other property types represent less than one percent of total loans and leases receivable.
(2) 
Consumer loans include home equity lines of credit of $9.9 million and $10.3 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Accrued interest on loans and leases receivable was $11.5 million and $10.9 million at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, loans and leases receivable of $1.1 billion were pledged to secure advances from the FHLB.

Loans Held for Sale

The following is the activity for SBA loans held for sale for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
SBA Loans Held for Sale
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial and Industrial
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
5,194

 
$
4,196

 
$
9,390

Originations
9,064

 
4,159

 
13,223

Sales
(7,756
)
 
(7,703
)
 
(15,459
)
Principal payoffs and amortization
(2
)
 
(12
)
 
(14
)
Balance at end of period
$
6,500

 
$
640

 
$
7,140

 
 
 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
3,746

 
$
2,648

 
$
6,394

Originations
10,433

 
8,372

 
18,805

Sales
(12,028
)
 
(7,159
)
 
(19,187
)
Principal payoffs and amortization

 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Balance at end of period
$
2,151

 
$
3,857

 
$
6,008



Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

Activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses was as follows for the periods indicated:
 
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period
$
31,974

 
$
31,043

Loans and leases charged off
(1,107
)
 
(1,632
)
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off
912

 
1,717

Net (charge-offs) recoveries
(195
)
 
85

Loan and lease loss provision
1,117

 
649

Balance at end of period
$
32,896

 
$
31,777



Management believes the allowance for loan and lease losses is appropriate to provide for probable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio. However, the allowance is an estimate that is inherently uncertain and depends on the outcome of future events. Management’s estimates are based on: previous loss experience; size, growth and composition of the loan and lease portfolio; the value of collateral; and current economic conditions. Our lending is concentrated generally in real estate loans, commercial loans and leases and SBA loans to small and middle market businesses primarily in California, Texas, Illinois and New York.

The following table details the information on the allowance for loan and lease losses by portfolio segment as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
Real Estate
 
Commercial
and Industrial
 
Leases
Receivable
 
Consumer
 
Unallocated
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses on loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
18,384

 
$
7,162

 
6,303

 
$
98

 
$
27

 
$
31,974

Less loans and leases charged off
(122
)
 
(133
)
 
(852
)
 

 

 
(1,107
)
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off
440

 
382

 
90

 

 

 
912

Loan and lease loss provision (income)
(396
)
 
1,300

 
39

 
(9
)
 
183

 
1,117

Ending balance
$
18,306

 
$
8,711

 
$
5,580

 
$
89

 
$
210

 
$
32,896

Individually evaluated for impairment
$

 
$
3,269

 
$
1,099

 
$

 
$

 
$
4,368

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
18,306

 
$
5,442

 
$
4,481

 
$
89

 
$
210

 
$
28,528

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases receivable:
$
3,714,356

 
$
422,502

 
$
425,530

 
$
13,232

 
$

 
$
4,575,620

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
14,015

 
$
23,114

 
$
4,783

 
$
1,370

 
$

 
$
43,282

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
3,700,341

 
$
399,388

 
$
420,747

 
$
11,862

 
$

 
$
4,532,338

As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan and lease losses on loans and leases:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
17,012

 
$
7,400

 
6,279

 
$
122

 
$
230

 
$
31,043

Less loans and leases charged off
(989
)
 
(279
)
 
(364
)
 

 

 
(1,632
)
Recoveries on loans and leases previously charged off
885

 
736

 
95

 
1

 

 
1,717

Loan and lease loss provision (income)
732

 
(967
)
 
1,100

 
2

 
(218
)
 
649

Ending balance
$
17,640

 
$
6,890

 
$
7,110

 
$
125

 
$
12

 
$
31,777

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
1,549

 
$
357

 
$
1,110

 
$

 
$

 
$
3,016

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
16,091

 
$
6,533

 
$
6,000

 
$
125

 
$
12

 
$
28,761

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases receivable:
$
3,667,797

 
$
409,380

 
$
321,481

 
$
14,899

 
$

 
$
4,413,557

Individually evaluated for impairment
$
18,513

 
$
2,843

 
$
4,200

 
$
894

 
$

 
$
26,450

Collectively evaluated for impairment
$
3,649,284

 
$
406,537

 
$
317,281

 
$
14,005

 
$

 
$
4,387,107



Loan Quality Indicators

As part of the on-going monitoring of the quality of our loan and lease portfolio, we utilize an internal loan and lease
grading system to identify credit risk and assign an appropriate grade (from 0 to 8) for each loan or lease in our loan
and lease portfolio. A third-party loan review is required on an annual basis. Additional adjustments are made when determined
to be necessary. The loan and lease grade definitions are as follows:

Pass and Pass-Watch: Pass and Pass-Watch loans and leases, grades (0-4), are in compliance with the Bank’s credit
policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weaknesses as defined under “Special
Mention,” “Substandard” or “Doubtful.” This category is the strongest level of the Bank’s loan and lease grading system. It
consists of all performing loans and leases with no identified credit weaknesses. It includes cash and stock/security secured
loans or other investment grade loans.

Special Mention: A Special Mention loan or lease, grade (5), has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If not corrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment of the debt and result in a Substandard classification. Loans and leases that have significant actual, not potential, weaknesses are considered more
severely classified.

Substandard: A Substandard loan or lease, grade (6), has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. A loan or lease graded Substandard is not protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower, or of the
value and type of collateral pledged. With a Substandard loan or lease, there is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain
some loss if the weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: A Doubtful loan or lease, grade (7), is one that has critical weaknesses that would make the collection or
liquidation of the full amount due improbable. However, there may be pending events which may work to strengthen the loan
or lease, and therefore the amount or timing of a possible loss cannot be determined at the current time.

Loss: A loan or lease classified as Loss, grade (8), is considered uncollectable and of such little value that their
continuance as active bank assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan or lease has absolutely no
recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery
may be possible in the future. Loans and leases classified as Loss will be charged off in a timely manner.
    
Under regulatory guidance, loans and leases graded special mention or worse are considered criticized loans and leases, and loans and leases graded substandard or worse are considered classified loans and leases.

     As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, pass/pass-watch, special mention and classified loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, were as follows:
 
Pass/Pass-Watch
 
Special Mention
 
Classified
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
891,084

 
$
3,320

 
$
4,228

 
$
898,632

Hospitality
803,895

 
163

 
8,534

 
812,592

Other
1,422,697

 
3,037

 
10,859

 
1,436,593

Total commercial property loans
3,117,676

 
6,520

 
23,621

 
3,147,817

Construction
82,709

 

 

 
82,709

Residential property
482,614

 
808

 
408

 
483,830

Total real estate loans
3,682,999

 
7,328

 
24,029

 
3,714,356

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 

Commercial term
179,424

 
449

 
6,598

 
186,471

Commercial lines of credit
178,558

 
743

 
16,912

 
196,213

International loans
39,818

 

 

 
39,818

Total commercial and industrial loans
397,800

 
1,192

 
23,510

 
422,502

Leases receivable
420,747

 

 
4,783

 
425,530

Consumer loans
11,731

 
737

 
764

 
13,232

Total
$
4,513,277

 
$
9,257

 
$
53,086

 
$
4,575,620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
901,354

 
$
16

 
$
4,890

 
$
906,260

Hospitality
821,542

 
168

 
8,969

 
830,679

Other
1,441,219

 
2,723

 
5,328

 
1,449,270

Total commercial property loans
3,164,115

 
2,907

 
19,187

 
3,186,209

Construction
71,583

 

 

 
71,583

Residential property
500,424

 

 
139

 
500,563

Total real estate loans
3,736,122

 
2,907

 
19,326

 
3,758,355

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial term
197,992

 
4,977

 
3,722

 
206,691

Commercial lines of credit
172,338

 
21,107

 
587

 
194,032

International loans
29,180

 

 

 
29,180

Total commercial and industrial loans
399,510

 
26,084

 
4,309

 
429,903

Leases receivable
393,729

 

 
5,129

 
398,858

Consumer loans
12,454

 
191

 
779

 
13,424

Total
$
4,541,815

 
$
29,182

 
$
29,543

 
$
4,600,540


 
The following is an aging analysis of loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:
 
30-59 Days Past Due
 
60-89 Days Past Due
 
90 Days or More Past Due
 
Total Past Due
 
Current
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
239

 
$
161

 
$
84

 
$
484

 
$
898,148

 
$
898,632

Hospitality
1,099

 

 
2,793

 
3,892

 
808,700

 
812,592

Other
58

 
354

 
1,016

 
1,428

 
1,435,165

 
1,436,593

Total commercial property loans
1,396

 
515

 
3,893

 
5,804

 
3,142,013

 
3,147,817

Construction

 

 

 

 
82,709

 
82,709

Residential property
2,392

 

 
273

 
2,665

 
481,165

 
483,830

Total real estate loans
3,788

 
515

 
4,166

 
8,469

 
3,705,887

 
3,714,356

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial term
710

 

 
108

 
818

 
185,653

 
186,471

Commercial lines of credit
1,310

 

 

 
1,310

 
194,903

 
196,213

International loans
10

 

 

 
10

 
39,808

 
39,818

Total commercial and industrial loans
2,030

 

 
108

 
2,138

 
420,364

 
422,502

Leases receivable
3,130

 
766

 
2,842

 
6,738

 
418,792

 
425,530

Consumer loans

 
102

 

 
102

 
13,130

 
13,232

Total
$
8,948

 
$
1,383

 
$
7,116

 
$
17,447

 
$
4,558,173

 
$
4,575,620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
221

 
$

 
$
986

 
$
1,207

 
$
905,053

 
$
906,260

Hospitality
65

 
1,203

 
1,893

 
3,161

 
827,518

 
830,679

Other
816

 
206

 
1,205

 
2,227

 
1,447,043

 
1,449,270

Total commercial property loans
1,102

 
1,409

 
4,084

 
6,595

 
3,179,614

 
3,186,209

Construction

 

 

 

 
71,583

 
71,583

Residential property
3,947

 
273

 
44

 
4,264

 
496,299

 
500,563

Total real estate loans
5,049

 
1,682

 
4,128

 
10,859

 
3,747,496

 
3,758,355

Commercial and industrial loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
 


Commercial term
334

 
49

 
1,117

 
1,500

 
205,191

 
206,691

Commercial lines of credit

 

 
587

 
587

 
193,445

 
194,032

International loans

 

 

 

 
29,180

 
29,180

Total commercial and industrial loans
334

 
49

 
1,704

 
2,087

 
427,816

 
429,903

Leases receivable
4,681

 
845

 
3,737

 
9,263

 
389,595

 
398,858

Consumer loans
146

 

 

 
146

 
13,278

 
13,424

Total
$
10,210

 
$
2,576

 
$
9,569

 
$
22,355

 
$
4,578,185

 
$
4,600,540



There were no loans and leases that were 90 days or more past due and accruing interest as of March 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, $4,000 of loans and leases were 90 days or more past due and accruing interest.

Impaired Loans and Leases

Loans and leases are considered impaired when the Bank will be unable to collect all interest and principal payments per the contractual terms of the loan and lease agreement, unless the loan is well-collateralized and in the process of collection; they are classified as Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) because, due to the financial difficulties of the borrowers, we have granted concessions to the borrowers we would not otherwise consider; when current information or events make it unlikely to collect in full according to the contractual terms of the loan or lease agreements; there is a deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition that raises uncertainty as to timely collection of either principal or interest; or full payment of both interest and principal is in doubt according to the original contractual terms.
We evaluate loan and lease impairment in accordance with GAAP. Impaired loans and leases are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the receivable's effective interest rate or, as a practical expedient, at the receivable's observable market price or the fair value of the collateral if the loan or lease is collateral dependent, less estimated costs to sell. If the estimated value of the impaired loan or lease is less than the recorded investment in the loan or lease, the deficiency is either charged off against the allowance for loan and lease losses or we establish a specific allocation in the allowance for loan and lease losses. Additionally, loans and leases that are considered impaired are specifically excluded from the quarterly migration analysis when determining the amount of the allowance for loan and lease losses required for the period.
The allowance for collateral-dependent loans is determined by calculating the difference between the outstanding loan balance and the value of the collateral as determined by recent appraisals. The allowance for collateral-dependent loans varies from loan to loan based on the collateral coverage of the loan at the time of designation as nonperforming. We continue to monitor the collateral coverage, using recent appraisals, on these loans on a quarterly basis and adjust the allowance accordingly.

The following tables provide information on impaired loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Unpaid 
Principal
Balance
 
With No
Related
Allowance
Recorded
 
With an
Allowance
Recorded
 
Related
Allowance
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
982

 
$
1,033

 
$
898

 
$
84

 
$

Hospitality
3,237

 
4,580

 
3,237

 

 

Other
8,748

 
9,111

 
8,748

 

 

Total commercial property loans
12,967

 
14,724

 
12,883

 
84

 

Residential property
1,048

 
1,186

 
1,048

 

 

Total real estate loans
14,015

 
15,910

 
13,931

 
84

 

Commercial and industrial loans
23,114

 
23,334

 
1,397

 
21,717

 
3,269

Leases receivable
4,783

 
4,801

 
1,456

 
3,327

 
1,099

Consumer loans
1,370

 
1,618

 
1,370

 

 

Total
$
43,282

 
$
45,663

 
$
18,154

 
$
25,128

 
$
4,368

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
2,166

 
$
2,207

 
$
1,894

 
$
272

 
$

Hospitality
4,282

 
5,773

 
4,032

 
250

 

Other
7,525

 
8,016

 
6,253

 
1,272

 
1

Total commercial property loans
13,973

 
15,996

 
12,179

 
1,794

 
1

Residential property
788

 
929

 
788

 

 

Total real estate loans
14,761

 
16,925

 
12,967

 
1,794

 
1

Commercial and industrial loans
4,396

 
4,601

 
1,644

 
2,752

 
428

Leases receivable
5,129

 
5,162

 
1,256

 
3,873

 
1,383

Consumer loans
839

 
1,073

 
746

 
93

 

Total
$
25,125

 
$
27,761

 
$
16,613

 
$
8,512

 
$
1,812

 
Three Months Ended
 
Average Recorded Investment
 
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
Retail
$
1,000

 
$
16

Hospitality
3,366

 
72

Other
9,055

 
141

Total commercial property loans
13,421

 
229

Residential property
1,178

 
12

Total real estate loans
14,599

 
241

Commercial and industrial loans
27,144

 
409

Leases receivable
5,294

 
8

Consumer loans
1,522

 
24

Total
$
48,559

 
$
682

 
 
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
 
 
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
Retail
$
1,409

 
$
22

Hospitality
8,105

 
141

Other
7,843

 
110

Total commercial property loans
17,357

 
273

Residential property
2,580

 
30

Total real estate loans
19,937

 
303

Commercial and industrial loans
2,914

 
40

Leases receivable
4,603

 
10

Consumer loans
1,048

 
14

Total
$
28,502

 
$
367



The following is a summary of interest foregone on impaired loans and leases for the periods indicated:
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
(in thousands)
Interest income that would have been recognized had impaired loans and leases performed in accordance with their original terms
$
888

 
$
654

Less: Interest income recognized on impaired loans and leases
(682
)
 
(367
)
Interest foregone on impaired loans and leases
$
206

 
$
287


    
There were no commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loans are included above.

Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Nonperforming Assets

Loans and leases are placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the full timely collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when principal or interest payments become more than 90 days past due, unless management believes the receivable is adequately collateralized and in the process of collection. However, in certain instances, we may place a particular loan or lease receivable on nonaccrual status earlier, depending upon the individual circumstances surrounding the delinquency. When a receivable is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as principal reductions when received, except when the ultimate collectability of principal is probable, in which case interest payments are credited to income. Nonaccrual loans and leases may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest payments become current and full repayment is expected.
    
The following table details nonaccrual loans and leases, disaggregated by loan class, as of the dates indicated:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
 
 
 
Commercial property
 
 
 
Retail
$
830

 
$
865

Hospitality
3,237

 
3,625

Other
7,215

 
1,641

Total commercial property loans
11,282

 
6,131

Residential property
449

 
182

Total real estate loans
11,731

 
6,313

Commercial and industrial loans
22,795

 
3,337

Leases receivable
4,783

 
5,129

Consumer loans
732

 
746

Total nonaccrual loans and leases
$
40,041

 
$
15,525



The following table details nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
 
(in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans and leases
$
40,041

 
$
15,525

Loans and leases 90 days or more past due and still accruing

 
4

Total nonperforming loans and leases
40,041

 
15,529

Other real estate owned (“OREO”)
622

 
663

Total nonperforming assets
$
40,663

 
$
16,192



OREO is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

Troubled Debt Restructurings
    
The following table details TDRs loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
 
Nonaccrual TDRs
 
Accrual TDRs
 
Deferral
of
Principal
 
Deferral
of
Principal
and
Interest
 
Reduction
of
Principal
and
Interest
 
Extension
of
Maturity
 
Total
 
Deferral
of
Principal
 
Deferral
of
Principal
and
Interest
 
Reduction
of
Principal
and
Interest
 
Extension
of
Maturity
 
Total
 
(in thousands)
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans
$
2,083

 
$
1,378

 
$
153

 
$
818

 
$
4,432

 
$
2,127

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,127

Commercial and industrial loans
1,161

 
272

 

 
345

 
1,778

 

 

 
112

 
171

 
283

Consumer loans
732

 

 

 

 
732

 
549

 

 
88

 

 
637

Total
$
3,976

 
$
1,650

 
$
153

 
$
1,163

 
$
6,942

 
$
2,676

 
$

 
$
200

 
$
171

 
$
3,047

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate loans
$
462

 
$
1,423

 
$
174

 
$

 
$
2,059

 
$
3,345

 
$

 
$
1,148

 
$
741

 
$
5,234

Commercial and industrial loans
265

 
107

 
669

 
430

 
1,471

 

 
166

 
386

 
150

 
702

Consumer loans
746

 

 

 

 
746

 

 

 
93

 

 
93

Total
$
1,473

 
$
1,530

 
$
843

 
$
430

 
$
4,276

 
$
3,345

 
$
166

 
$
1,627

 
$
891

 
$
6,029



As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, total TDRs were $10.0 million and $10.3 million, respectively. A debt restructuring is considered a TDR if we grant a concession, that we would not have otherwise considered, to the borrower for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties. Loans are considered to be TDRs if they were restructured through payment structure modifications such as reducing the amount of principal and interest due monthly and/or allowing for interest only monthly payments for three months or more. All TDRs are impaired and are individually evaluated for specific impairment using one of these three criteria: (1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (2) the loan’s observable market price; or (3) the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $397,000 and $313,000, respectively, of allowance relating to these loans were included in the allowance for loan and lease losses.

For the restructured loans on accrual status, we determined that, based on the financial capabilities of the borrowers at the time of the loan restructuring and the borrowers’ past performance in the payment of debt service under the previous loan terms, performance and collection under the revised terms are probable.