Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Fair Value Measurements

v3.24.0.1
Fair Value Measurements
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

Note 14 — Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value including a three-level valuation hierarchy, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three-level fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value is used on a recurring basis for certain assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a non-recurring basis to evaluate assets or liabilities for impairment or for disclosure purposes.

We record securities available for sale at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain other assets, such as loans held for sale, nonperforming loans, OREO, bank-owned premises, and core deposit intangible, are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Non-recurring fair value measurements typically involve assets that are periodically evaluated for impairment and for which any impairment is recorded in the period in which the re-measurement is performed.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument below:

Securities available for sale - The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curve, prepayment speeds, and default rates. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities and mutual funds that are traded on an active exchange or by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. The fair value of these securities is determined by quoted prices on an active exchange or over-the-counter market. Level 2 securities primarily include mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations, U.S. government agency securities and municipal bonds in markets that are active. In determining the fair value of the securities categorized as Level 2, we obtain reports from an investment accounting service provider detailing the fair value of each investment security held as of each reporting date. The investment accounting service provider obtains prices from nationally recognized pricing services. We review the prices obtained for reasonableness based on our understanding of the marketplace, and also consider any credit issues related to the bonds. As we have not made any adjustments to the market quotes provided to us and as they are based on observable market data, they have been categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities are instruments that are not traded in the market. Therefore, no observable market data for the instrument is available, which necessitates the use of significant unobservable inputs.

Derivatives – The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Loans held for sale – All loans held for sale are SBA loans carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Management obtains quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets on all, or, part of these loans directly from the purchasing financial institutions.

Premiums received, or, to be received on the quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets are indicative of the fact that cost is lower than fair value. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the entire balance of SBA loans held for sale was recorded at its cost. We record SBA loans held for sale on a nonrecurring basis with Level 2 inputs.

Nonperforming loans – Nonaccrual loans receivable and performing restructured loans receivable are considered nonperforming for reporting purposes and are measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. All nonperforming loans with a carrying balance over $250,000 are individually evaluated for the amount of expected credit losses, if any. Nonperforming loans with a carrying balance of $250,000 or less are evaluated collectively. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent nonperforming loans are recorded based on either the current appraised value of the collateral, a Level 3 measurement, or management’s judgment and estimation of value reported on older appraisals that are then adjusted based on recent market trends, also a Level 3 measurement.

OREO – Fair value of OREO is based primarily on third-party appraisals, less costs to sell and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Appraisals are required annually and may be updated more frequently as circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to OREO based on the updated appraised value of the property.

Servicing assets - On a quarterly basis, the Company utilizes a third-party service to evaluate servicing assets related to loans sold to unaffiliated parties with servicing retained, which results in a Level 3 classification. Servicing assets are assessed for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date.

Other repossessed assets – Fair value of equipment from leasing contracts is based primarily on a third-party valuation service, less costs to sell and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Valuations are required at the time the asset is repossessed and may be subsequently updated periodically due to the Company’s short-term possession of the asset prior to its sale, or, as circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to the asset based on its value prior to sale.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets

 

 

Significant
Observable
Inputs with No
Active Market
with Identical
Characteristics

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

Total Fair Value

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

December 31, 2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities available for sale:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities

 

$

85,488

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

85,488

 

U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage-backed securities - residential

 

 

 

 

 

442,328

 

 

 

 

 

 

442,328

 

Mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 

 

 

 

 

47,991

 

 

 

 

 

 

47,991

 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

 

 

 

 

 

97,411

 

 

 

 

 

 

97,411

 

Debt securities

 

 

 

 

 

124,625

 

 

 

 

 

 

124,625

 

Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations

 

 

 

 

 

712,355

 

 

 

 

 

 

712,355

 

Municipal bonds-tax exempt

 

 

 

 

 

67,896

 

 

 

 

 

 

67,896

 

Total securities available for sale

 

$

85,488

 

 

$

780,251

 

 

$

 

 

$

865,739

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

$

 

 

$

6,245

 

 

$

 

 

$

6,245

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

$

 

 

$

5,920

 

 

$

 

 

$

5,920

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Securities available for sale:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U.S. Treasury securities

 

$

48,026

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

48,026

 

U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mortgage-backed securities - residential

 

 

 

 

 

465,152

 

 

 

 

 

 

465,152

 

Mortgage-backed securities - commercial

 

 

 

 

 

51,292

 

 

 

 

 

 

51,292

 

Collateralized mortgage obligations

 

 

 

 

 

85,485

 

 

 

 

 

 

85,485

 

Debt securities

 

 

 

 

 

138,499

 

 

 

 

 

 

138,499

 

Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations

 

 

 

 

 

740,428

 

 

 

 

 

 

740,428

 

Municipal bonds-tax exempt

 

 

 

 

 

65,384

 

 

 

 

 

 

65,384

 

Total securities available for sale

 

$

48,026

 

 

$

805,812

 

 

$

 

 

$

853,838

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

$

 

 

$

7,507

 

 

$

 

 

$

7,507

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative financial instruments

 

$

 

 

$

7,375

 

 

$

 

 

$

7,375

 

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

 

Total

 

 

Prices in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets

 

 

Observable
Inputs with No
Active Market
with Identical
Characteristics

 

 

Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

December 31, 2023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collateral dependent loans (1)

 

$

7,352

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

7,352

 

Other real estate owned

 

 

117

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

117

 

Repossessed personal property

 

 

1,305

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,305

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2022

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Collateral dependent loans (2)

 

$

2,694

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

2,694

 

Other real estate owned

 

 

117

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

117

 

Repossessed personal property

 

 

467

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

467

 

Servicing assets

 

 

7,176

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7,176

 

 

(1) Consisted of real estate loans of $2.2 million and commercial and industrial loans of $5.2 million.

(2) Consisted of real estate loans of $2.7 million.

The following table represents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value assumptions for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

 

Fair Value

 

Valuation
Techniques

Unobservable
Input(s)

Range (Weighted
Average)

 

(dollars in thousands)

 

December 31, 2023

 

 

Collateral dependent loans:

 

 

 

 

Real estate loans:

 

 

 

Commercial property

 

 

 

 

Retail

$

1,530

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

5% to 20% / 15%

(1)

Hospitality

 

338

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(30)% to 35% / (1)%

(1)

Other

 

305

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(6)% to 1% / (2)%

(1)

Residential

 

1

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(15)% to 3% / (6)%

(1)

Total real estate loans

 

2,174

 

 

 

 

Commercial and industrial loans

 

5,178

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(20)% to 55% / (2)%

(1)

Total

$

7,352

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other real estate owned

 

$

117

 

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

 

(10)% to 5% / (2)%

(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Repossessed personal property

 

 

1,305

 

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

 

 

(2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2022

 

 

Collateral dependent loans:

 

 

 

 

Real estate loans:

 

 

 

Commercial property

 

 

 

 

Retail

$

1,930

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

5% to 25% / 16%

(1)

Other

 

256

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(42)% to 3% / (24)%

(1)

Residential

 

508

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

(15)% to 3% / (1)%

(1)

Total real estate loans

 

2,694

 

 

 

Total

$

2,694

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other real estate owned

 

$

117

 

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

 

(20)% to 20% / (2)%

(1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Repossessed personal property

 

467

 

Market approach

Adjustments to market data

 

(2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Servicing assets

 

 

7,176

 

 

Market approach

Prepayment rate
Discount rate

 

11% to 17% / 16%
22% to 25% / 22%

(3)

 

(1)
Appraisal reports utilize a combination of valuation techniques including a market approach, where prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving similar or comparable properties are used to determine the appraised value. Appraisals may include an ‘as is’ and ‘upon completion’ valuation scenarios. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by third-party appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data. Adjustments also result from the consideration of relevant economic and demographic factors with the potential to affect property values. Also, prospective values are based on the market conditions which exist at the date of inspection combined with informed forecasts based on current trends in supply and demand for the property types under appraisal. Positive adjustments disclosed in this table represent increases to the sales comparison and negative adjustment represent decreases.
(2)
The equipment is usually too low in value to use a professional appraisal service. The values are determined internally using a combination of auction values, vendor recommendations and sales comparisons depending on the equipment type. Some highly commoditized equipment, such as commercial trucks have services that provide industry values.
(3)
Fair value is based on a valuation model using the present value of estimated future cash flows, prepayment speeds, default rates, and discount rates. Servicing assets are subsequently measured using the amortization method which requires servicing rights to be amortized into income over the period of the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying loans.

 

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis are discussed above.

The estimated fair value of financial instruments has been determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data in order to develop estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825). This standard, among other provisions, requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Other than certain financial instruments for which we have concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value, the fair value estimates shown below are based on an exit price notion as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, as required by ASU 2016-01. The financial instruments for which we have concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value include: cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable and payable, and noninterest-bearing deposits.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows:

 

 

 

December 31, 2023

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Financial assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

 

$

302,324

 

 

$

302,324

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Securities available for sale

 

 

865,739

 

 

 

85,488

 

 

 

780,251

 

 

 

 

Loans held for sale

 

 

12,013

 

 

 

 

 

 

12,238

 

 

 

 

Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses

 

 

6,112,972

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6,007,975

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

23,371

 

 

 

23,371

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing deposits

 

 

2,003,596

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,003,596

 

 

 

 

Interest-bearing deposits

 

 

4,276,978

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4,271,711

 

Borrowings and subordinated debentures

 

 

455,012

 

 

 

 

 

 

323,491

 

 

 

128,229

 

Accrued interest payable

 

 

39,306

 

 

 

39,306

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2022

 

 

 

Carrying

 

 

Fair Value

 

 

 

Amount

 

 

Level 1

 

 

Level 2

 

 

Level 3

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Financial assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and due from banks

 

$

352,421

 

 

$

352,421

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Securities available for sale

 

 

853,838

 

 

 

48,026

 

 

 

805,812

 

 

 

 

Loans held for sale

 

 

8,043

 

 

 

 

 

 

8,423

 

 

 

 

Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses

 

 

5,895,610

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5,808,190

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

 

18,537

 

 

 

18,537

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Noninterest-bearing deposits

 

 

2,539,602

 

 

 

 

 

 

2,539,602

 

 

 

 

Interest-bearing deposits

 

 

3,628,470

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3,623,827

 

Borrowings and subordinated debentures

 

 

479,409

 

 

 

 

 

 

345,867

 

 

 

126,828

 

Accrued interest payable

 

 

7,792

 

 

 

7,792

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it was practicable to estimate that value are explained below:

Cash and due from banks – The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments (Level 1).

Securities – The fair value of securities, consisting of securities available for sale, is generally obtained from market bids for similar or identical securities, from independent securities brokers or dealers, or from other model-based valuation techniques described above (Level 1 and 2).

Loans held for sale – Loans held for sale, representing the guaranteed portion of SBA loans, are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair market value, as determined based upon quotes, bids or sales contract prices (Level 2).

Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses – The fair value of loans receivable is estimated based on the discounted cash flow approach. To estimate the fair value of the loans, certain loan characteristics such as account types, remaining terms, annual interest rates or coupons, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, current market rates, loan-to-value ratios, loss exposures, and remaining balances are considered. Additionally, the Company’s prior charge-off rates and loss ratios as well as various other assumptions relating to credit, interest, and prepayment risks are used as part of valuing the loan portfolio. Subsequently, the loans were individually evaluated by sorting and pooling them based on loan types, credit risk grades, and payment types. Consistent with the requirements of ASU 2016-01 which was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2018, the fair value of the Company's loans receivable is considered to be an exit price notion as of December 31, 2023 (Level 3).

The fair value of collateral dependent loans is estimated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent loans are recorded based on the current appraised value of the collateral (Level 3).

Accrued interest receivable – The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value (Level 1).

Noninterest-bearing deposits – The fair value of noninterest-bearing deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (Level 2).

Interest-bearing deposits – The fair value of interest-bearing deposits, such as savings accounts, money market checking, and certificates of deposit, is estimated based on discounted cash flows. The cash flows for non-maturity deposits, including savings accounts and money market checking, are estimated based on their historical decaying experiences. The discount rate used for fair valuation is based on interest rates currently being offered by the Bank on comparable deposits as to amount and term (Level 3).

Borrowings and subordinated debentures – Borrowings consist of FHLB advances, subordinated debentures and other borrowings. Discounted cash flows based on current market rates for borrowings with similar remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value of borrowings (Level 2 and 3).

Accrued interest payable – The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates its fair value (Level 1).