Note 9 — Borrowings

Borrowings consisted of FHLB advances, which represent collateralized obligations with the FHLB. The following is a summary of contractual maturities of FHLB advances:

We have pledged loans receivable with market values of $1.99 billion as collateral with the FHLB for this borrowing facility. The total borrowing capacity available from the collateral that has been pledged is $1.54 billion, of which $1.07 billion remained available as of December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, we had $22.0 million available for use through the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco discount window, as we pledged securities with carrying values of $23.4 million, and there were no borrowings.

At December 31, 2022, advances from the FHLB were $350.0 million, an increase of $212.5 million from $137.5 million at December 31, 2021. FHLB overnight advances were $250.0 million while $100.0 million were term borrowings at December 31, 2022. All of the FHLB advances were term borrowings at December 31, 2021. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, interest expense on FHLB advances were $2.2 million, $1.7 million and $2.2, respectively, and the weighted-average interest rates were 1.52%, 1.17% and 1.42%, respectively.

Note 10 — Subordinated Debentures

On August 20, 2021, the Company issued Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes (“2031 Notes”) of $110.0 million with a final maturity date of September 1, 2031. The 2031 Notes have an initial fixed interest rate of 3.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, up to but excluding September 1, 2026. From and including September 1, 2026 and thereafter, the 2031 Notes will bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to the Benchmark rate (which is expected to be the Three-Month Term SOFR) plus 310 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year. If the then current three-month term SOFR rate is less than zero, the three-month SOFR will be deemed to be zero. Debt issuance cost was $2.1 million, which is being amortized through the 2031 Notes maturity date. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of the 2031 Notes included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of debt issuance cost, was $108.2 million and $108.0 million, respectively. The amortization of debt issuance cost was $176,000, $62,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company issued Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes (“2027 Notes”) of $100.0 million on March 21, 2017, with a final maturity on March 30, 2027. The Notes have an initial fixed interest rate of 5.45% per annum, payable semi-annually on March 30 and September 30 of each year. From and including March 30, 2022 and thereafter, the 2027 Notes bear interest at a floating rate equal to the then current three-month LIBOR, as calculated on each applicable date of determination, plus 3.315% payable quarterly. If the then current three-month LIBOR is less than zero, three-month LIBOR will be deemed to be zero. Debt issuance cost was $2.3 million, which is being amortized through the Note’s maturity date.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company redeemed its 2027 Notes. A portion of the redemption was funded with the proceeds from the Company’s 2021 subordinated debt offering. The redemption price for each of the 2027 Notes equaled 100% of the outstanding principal amount redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. All interest accrued on the 2027 Notes ceased to accrue on and after March 30, 2022. Upon the redemption, the Company recognized a pre-tax charge of $1.1 million for the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs associated with the 2027 Notes. The amortization of debt issuance cost was $1.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of debt issuance cost, was $108.2 million and $194.2 million, respectively.

The Company assumed Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (“Subordinated Debentures”) as a result of an acquisition in 2014 with an unpaid principal balance of $26.8 million and an estimated fair value of $18.5 million. The $8.3 million discount is being amortized to interest expense through the debentures’ maturity date of March 15, 2036. A trust was formed in 2005 which issued $26.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities (“TPS”) at a 6.26% fixed rate for the first five years and a variable rate at the three-month LIBOR plus 140 basis points thereafter and invested the proceeds in the Subordinated Debentures. The Company may redeem the Subordinated Debentures at an earlier date if certain conditions are met. The TPS will be subject to mandatory redemption if the Subordinated Debentures are repaid by the Company. Interest is payable quarterly, and the Company has the option to defer interest payments on the Subordinated Debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of Subordinated Debentures included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of discount of $5.6 million and $6.0 million, was $21.2 million and $20.8 million, respectively. The amortization of discount was $412,000, $402,000 and $390,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.